The Church celebrates saints’ feast days throughout the liturgical year, and the date generally marks the day the saint died and entered into eternity. (One notable exception is the feast of St. John Paul II, celebrated each October 22, the anniversary of his election as pope; or the feast of Sts. Zelie and Louis Martin, celebrated on the date of their wedding anniversary.)

 

Nevertheless, the Church does celebrate three nativities in the liturgy: Jesus’ birth (December 25); Mary’s birth (September 8); and John the Baptist’s birth (June 24)

The birth of Jesus is obviously a central feast for Catholics, as it marks the day the world came to see the face of God-made-man. It is a feast complemented by the one nine months earlier, the Annunciation on March 25, when we celebrate the moment the Incarnation actually happened, when Jesus was conceived in Mary’s womb.

The celebration of Our Lady’s birthday is also a treasure for Catholics. And just as Christmas is linked to the feast nine months prior, so too the September 8 celebration of the Virgin’s birthday points nine months back, to December 8 — when we celebrate that from the moment of her conception in the womb of her mother, St. Anne, Mary had no sin. She is the Immaculate Conception.

The birthday of John the Baptist also is rich in symbolism. Again, we see the relationship of dates: John’s birthday is six months before the Christmas vigil because the Angel Gabriel told Mary that her kinswoman was in her sixth month of pregnancy, meaning John is six months older than Jesus.

John, of course, was a special beneficiary — along with his mother — of Mary’s care. Freshly pregnant with the Child conceived of the Holy Spirit, “Mary set out and traveled to the hill country in haste to a town of Judah, where she entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the infant (that is, John the Baptist) leaped in her womb.” Elizabeth told her younger cousin what had happened: “For at the moment the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the infant in my womb leaped for joy.”

Church tradition holds that in the prenatal meeting of these tiny cousins, John was filled with the Holy Spirit and thus he was born already purified of original sin. (We see in Luke 1:15 how the Angel Gabriel told John’s father, Zechariah, this would happen: “He will be filled with the holy Spirit even from his mother’s womb.”)

In the slideshow below, you can see Herod’s Fortress, where tradition claims the Baptist was beheaded. 

It is difficult to retrace with accuracy the path the True Cross of Jesus  has taken since its discovery by St. Helena during a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 326. At the time of the pilgrimage, the Church was rapidly growing. Christians, after a long period of persecution, could freely practice their religion and were able to go on a quest for their revered relics.  Helena joined Christ’s faithful, alongside her son, the Roman Emperor Constantine I, and at the age of 80, went off in search of the most sought-after relic: the Cross of Jesus.

 

First disappearance

After the death of Jesus, tradition claims that those who were trying to prevent the spread of Christianity hastened to make any of the objects involved in the crucifixion disappear, in an attempt to discourage those who would want to retrieve any relics. Tradition also claims that, at Golgotha, the cross was thrown into a hole in the ground, along with those the two thieves were crucified on. Arriving at the Holy Land 300 years later, the Empress ended up finding the three crosses, but which one belonged to the Lord? To find out, the bishop of Jerusalem had an idea: he made a sick woman, previously incurable, touch the wood, and upon touching one of the three she was healed straight away. Helena had no doubt at all: she had found Jesus’ cross. Immediately, she ordered the building of a church where it was discovered – which she called the Church of the Resurrection – and set off for Rome. According to Christian tradition, the relic was well preserved until 614 and visited by a multitude of Christians.

Second disappearance

Later, the cross disappeared into the hands of the Persians. The relic would be their “trade off” in the event of any negotiations with the Eastern Roman Empire (the Byzantines). But in 630, Heraclius, the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, had a resounding victory over the Persians, and triumphantly returned a part of the Cross to Jerusalem — the other part was left in Constantinople — where he himself placed it at Calvary. This event is commemorated by the Church on September 14, proclaimed as the feast of “The Triumph of the Cross” or “The Exaltation of the Holy Cross.”

Third disappearance

However, a few years later the Arab conquest began and Jerusalem came under Muslim rule.  Up until the 10th century, the worshipers of the True Cross continued to exist, without suffering much harm. They even increased in territories that had remained Christian; in particular, Constantinople. When difficulties arose and the Christians were persecuted, the Cross was withdrawn from its setting and hidden once again. Ninety years later (in 1099) it reappeared once more and was reinstated in the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre. It became the symbol of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Fourth disappearance

However, that was just for the time being, as in 1187, the True Cross disappeared once again, and this time definitively, on the battlefield of Hattin, next to Lake Tiberius in Galilee. The crusaders had taken it with them to bring victory against the Sultan Saladin. However, they lost the battle, and Jerusalem fell into the hands of the sultan. The Cross disappeared without leaving a trace. Legend has it that Pope Urban III, on hearing the news, dropped dead.

Dispersal

In 1203, the fragment preserved in Constantinople suffered the effects of the Fourth Crusade, which left from the Republic of Venice in an attempt to recover Jerusalem but was diverted to Constantinople to topple the Byzantine Empire and found in its place an Eastern Roman Empire. The relics of the Palatine Chapel of Pharos were shared between the Venetians and the new empire. Nevertheless the latter, threatened from all sides and on the brink of bankruptcy, had to sell its treasures. St. Louis, in 1238, bought two fragments of the Cross, then in 1242 other relics, presumed to be the Instruments of the Passion (crown of thorns, the Holy Spear, the Holy Sponge …), which he had preserved in the Sainte-Chapelle, built for this purpose on the Île de la Cité, in Paris. But during the French Revolution (1794), the fragments of the Cross disappeared. Only a few fragments and a Holy Nail remain, and are conserved today in the treasury of the sacristy of Notre-Dame Cathedral.

The Lignum Crucis

All the pieces of wood distributed or sold as relics across the globe over the centuries (especially since the Middle Ages) have been preciously conserved in a number of churches. According to various analyses and inquiries, the supposed “true” fragments of Jesus’ cross only make up in volume a tenth of the Cross; all the rest were determined to be of a questionable source. We refer to the likely relics as Lignum Crucis (“wood of the Cross”). The largest fragment is preserved in Greece in the monastery of Mount Athos; other fragments are in Rome, Brussels, Venice, Ghent, and Paris.

Check out the slideshow below to discover Christ’s Relics.